Representation is the construction in any media of aspects of ‘reality’. All media texts are re-presentations of reality. They are entirely artificial versions of the reality we perceive around us. Every media form is a representation of someone's concept of existence, codified into a series of signs and symbols which can be read by an audience. Without the media, our take on things would be very different; we need the media to make sense of reality. Representation is a fluid process, producers position a text somewhere in relation to reality and audiences assess a text on its relationship to reality.

Paul Hunt

Paul hunt disability from Sarah Ghost

Gaze powerpoint

The gaze from Sarah Ghost

Paul Lazarsfeld

Paul Lazarsfeld limited effects theory from Sarah Ghost

Group representation task

The Street Editing

Iron Man 2

Mise en scene- shameless

Class and status shamless representation

How is class and status represented in the shameless clip?

In the first part of the clip the main character, who is the father of the children, comes down the stairs into what looks like the kitchen of the house. We can tell straight away that these people are poor. This is because the kitchen is quite small for how many people are actually in the family, also there is a small baby in the daughter’s arms. Showing she is not looked after by her parents but looked after by a sibling. This may show a poor class representation because poor people are often stereotyped as lazy and unwilling to do things which take effort, like looking after a child.

On the table in the first part of the clip, there are lots of empty bottles of alcohol; this might show that the father in the family is an alcoholic and he acts quite drunk. This shows that he is of a poor class and status because he does not clean up his mess, even though he has a few children and it might set a bad example. Also the fact that he has a baby in the same room shows that he in irresponsible and can’t really look after his children probably. Poor people are often stereotyped to be messy and irresponsible; this is shown in this clip by the first scene when we see his house. Also he doesn’t dress very nicely and it looks like his clothes haven’t been washed in a few days, this represents poor people because they are stereotyped to be quite smelly and dirty.

During the last part of the scene a caravan gets put out in front of the house and you get a proper front of view of the house. It looks like a normal England terrace house. It doesn’t really show any class or status because anyone could live there but if you had to choose some type of person to live there it would probably be a person of less wealth. Caravans are often stereotyped to be used to people that are not very wealthy, this is because people that choose to live in them are often singled out and put on the end of hate because they do live in caravans when most of the time it is a life choice to live in them and not live in a house.

Ethnicity Stereotypes

 Ethnicity stereotypes

Ethnicity is beliefs about the typical characteristics of a certain group of people. This can be nationalities, their class and status or social and cultural beliefs.

Camera angles can show the Ethnicity of someone or something by the use of different angles if they are of a small cultural background then they might be looked down on by the camera but if they are Christian then the camera may see them as the most important thing and have the camera looking up at them.

Sound can be used to show Ethnicity because if there is a scene in a church then there could be some praying or chanting that could be going on in the background which could show the religion that the people in the church belong to.

Mise-en-scene can be used to show Ethnicity because if there is a scene where people are in a house and there are a few religious relics in the home which can show the religion that they belong to. Also flags of nationalities are used to show what countries they are in if the audience do not know where the TV programme is taking place.

Ethnicity links to Gender because there are two types of gender but there are lots of types of Ethnicity but there normally is a lot more negativity aimed at black/Asian people than at women or men.

Ethnicity links to age because if you are a younger person who is Asian in a white British part of the country then you are more likely to be racially abused or picked on.

Ethnicity links to sexuality because if you are a homosexual white person then you will get picked on because you are different but if you are a homosexual black person then, a lot more people will see you as un normal and you will be more likely picked out because of that.

Ethnicity links to class and status because you are less likely to become massively rich and become high class if you are black or Asian. This is because we live in a racist society so chances to become a rich successful business person are not as big if you are black.

Ethnicity links to physical ability/disability because if you are a disabled person then you are already at a disadvantage but if you are disabled and black then there is less chance of you getting anywhere because you can’t work and people might not trust you because of your skin colour.

Ethnicity links to regional identity because if you live in a certain place then you are more likely to be either black or white. This means that if you are from a certain part of say, London there is a few parts which are quite rough and a lot of black people live in these parts. 

Class and status in TV drama

Class and status includes where someone lives, what sort of job they have with the amount of income going into their home.

Camera angles are used to show class and status because if someone in a TV show has a really nice house then they are obviously rather wealthy then the angle will be a full picture of the house that they have. This will show the audience whether they are a high class and status or a low class family. But it may not just be the outside of the house, when the camera gets inside then the camera man pans around the whole house this will show the conditions of the house and so show the audience the main condition of the house.

Editing can be used to show the class and status because if there is a poor person on the TV show then cutting from a poor person to a higher class person can show just how much the lower class person is struggled in their life.

Sound is used to show class and status because if there is a party at a posh house then the low noise of mingling is very obvious that it is a high class party and not a low class party, this is because at low class parties there is normally lots of alcohol and really loud music. This shows the different types of class’ parties, which can give an indication about what sort of people they are.

Mise-en-scene is used to show class because the set that they are on will be of the house, you can tell what the kind of people will be like because of the home they live in. If the set is really nice then the people that live in that house will be high class. Props on the set can tell the class of the people in the house, if there are lots of nice things with many nice ornaments then they will be a high class person.

Class and status links to gender because most high class people are males who have really good jobs, normally women who are high class are either born into it or marry into it. This used to be more the case around 50-100 years ago when noble men used to marry their daughters off to rich males in order to gain money.

Class and status links to age because there may be less young high class people than older high class people, this is because older people have more time to gain a large amount of money and they have less large parties and more chances to become higher class, where as younger people are normally focused on just getting a good social base than gaining enough money to become a higher class person.

Class and status links to Ethnicity because people who are from different countries originally are less likely to have really good jobs because they come to this country to get better jobs, these jobs are not likely to give the high class status. White British people are more likely to be rich high class people in England, whereas Muslims are less likely to become high class people.

Class and Status links to sexuality because homosexual people are very picked on more when they are younger but when they are older people are more responsible and more respectful about peoples decisions, so this would not stop homosexual people from becoming high class people.

Class and status links to physical disability because disabled people are probably less likely to become high class people. This is because they are at a disadvantage as they cannot work. They might not have enough money to be thought of as ‘high class.’ People who are not disabled are probably more likely to become high class because they can actually work to gain more money.

Class and status links to regional identity because if you live in a certain part of a city then you are more likely to be a higher class, like if you live in Kensington then you are more likely to be higher class than if you live in hackney because you live in a nicer area and people would respect your property more. 

 Gender in TV drama

Female gender stereotypes begin from when the baby is given its sex. If it is a girl then the baby will be given pink items of clothing with decorations of flowers and butterflies, where as if the baby was a boy then the baby will be given hats that are blue which have footballs on them. We then presume that the little girls will be very girly and have lots of dresses and want to play with dolls this is opposite to boys who would want shorts and t-shirts and want to play football or rugby.

Stereotypes of women are things like:

·         Women are nurses not doctors

·         Women are not as strong as men

·         Women don’t play sports

·         Women love to sing and dance

·         Women do not play video games

These stereotypes are now very less thought about but now women are very equal to men as they can do everything that men could do, but in the past they have not been given the opportunity to do these things.

Stereotypes of men are things like:

·         All men enjoy working on cars

·         Men are doctors not nurses

·         Men play sports

·         Men play video games

·         Men do not cook, sew or do crafts

Lots of these things are now not applied to just men but a few years ago this was very true. Men are now more likely to cook or sew than they were 50 years ago because people would have thought that this was unmanly and stupid for men to do when they could be working on cars or doing manual labour work.

Camera angles are used in TV dramas to make women look weak, there are maybe some angles looking down on women from a man’s perspective which makes the male look a lot better than the women is and make her look frail and weak. Close ups can be used to show shock on the faces of women if they are in a certain situation this could make them seem not as good as the male characters. This can also make the male stereotypes look stronger because it may have the male looking confidently down at another male or a unfortunate female or child.

Editing can be used to make women look like they are weak because there may be a scene when a main male character is looking around for his women assistant and it pans across towards her and he sees her doing something she shouldn’t be doing so he punishes her and this makes her look weak to the audience.  

Sound can make women look weak because there can be moments when women are in troubled situations. Women are known to scream a lot so they are used to scream which makes the audience feel like the women is in trouble and needs help, this makes her seem weak and unable to fend for herself. This can be used for male stereotypes because when a male character steps out into the scene then there could be music playing which makes the male character seem like the main piece of the scene.  

Mise-en-scene is used for women stereotypes because when women are in fear or are at risk of something happening the lights normally go dim or the scene is normally a night time scene. This is very useful for horror scenes because a lot of people are scared of the dark. It can be used also for the male stereotype if a male who has done something special or courageous there will be a lot of light on the specific character because it shows the audience who has done something special.  

Gender links to age because if there is an old woman who is fragile then they will look weaker than an old male, also the old women will need more help to look after her than the old man would. This means that there is more chance for the women to be picked on than the man so this is following in the order of the gender stereotype.

Gender links to Ethnicity because women who are of an Indian Ethnicity are more likely to be singled out and racial abused than a white British female. This is an example of the racist society that we live in and this is why the Indian population live together in most parts of cities and towns because they do not like to be singled out and racially picked on.

Gender links to sexuality because a homosexual women or homosexual man is normally very likely to be singled out because of his sexuality, this is linking to gender because women are singled out to be weaker and so are homosexual men because they are described as being more women than they are men.

Gender links to class and status because a high class rich women who is very powerful like the queen is not going to be told she can’t do something just because she is a women. But then there is a young single mother who has very little money who is told she can’t do something that the queen could very easily do because she is a woman. Richer people normally get better things than poorer people do, because they have the resources to do so.

Gender links to physical disability because people who have a disability are already very unlucky. But then to be a disabled woman could be seen to be more helpful because women are seen as weaker and so people want to help a disabled women more than a disabled man. This is not because they feel less sorry for the disabled man but because men are thought as more powerful and safer than women are.

Gender links to regional identity because if you are part of a region and community then people in that community will know who you are; this means that you are mostly friends and no-one is weak. There could be some people who are part of a community who feel that they should work together as a community in order for everyone to function properly, like on the TV series Emmerdale or Coronation street, where everyone knows and looks out for each other.    

Disabilty representation Inbetweeners

This clip is funny because one of the characters believes that girls will enjoy the throwing of the Frisbee but the plan goes disastrously wrong because instead of the Frisbee going towards the girl he threw it at, the Frisbee goes and hits a disabled girl. People will find this funny if they have watched the programme before because they know that Will, the character who threw the Frisbee has no luck and most of his ideas and plans do not go to plan.

The disabled girl is being represented as someone who can’t really look after themselves. They have a carer there for them, someone to always look after them. She is being represented as quite innocent, someone who would struggle if they didn’t have their carer there looking after them at all times of the day. She is being represented in a humour way, the way that she is unfortunate to be on the receiving end of Will’s throw. This shows her to be vulnerable and fragile. 

We laugh at this comedy sketch not because there is a disabled girl getting hit in the face with a Frisbee, but because of the luck that the character that threw the Frisbee actually has. He was really unlucky to have that happen to him and it would have been hard for him to hit the disabled person if he was actually aiming at her. We do not laugh at the disabled person because we know that would be unkind, but we are actually laughing because it is the way that Will’s plans always back fire on him and the group.

She is not actually the ‘butt’ of the joke but one of the main characters is supposed to be the butt of the joke. This is because they are represented as ‘inbetweeners’ because they do not fit into any kind of friendship group but are just friends with each other because there is no one else to be friends with. They have to look after each other because no one else will. The way that Neil and Jay run off before it actually hits the girl maybe suggests that they believe they are too cool for that group and want to be more socially accepted.

 

I think that disabled people will not mind this being on TV because it represents the struggles that they have to go through and the teenagers that are watching this are going to be more likely to look out for older or disabled people because they do not want to be embarrassed like Will and Simon were.

I believe that some people I society are quite cultivated to look after and pity the disabled. This is because most people have feelings and feel sorry for the disabled people, they feel fortunate to not be in their situations because they know that the disabled people didn’t want that to happen to them and they didn’t choose being disabled. Some people do not feel as sorry for the disabled people, for example people that maybe have disabled person in their close family are more likely to feel sorry for a disabled person than maybe someone who doesn’t have a disabled person in their family, so they don’t understand what it is like to live with something like that.

Why Did ‘Dredd’ flop at the box office?

The film ‘Dredd’ is about a futuristic police officer working for the police department in the future, the ‘judges’ Dredd is one of the best judges and always works to the letter of the law. The film is written and produced by Alex Garland and stars Karl Urban as Dredd. The film co stars Olivia Thirlby as the rookie judge Anderson. She is training to be a judge. The main aim that the two judges have is to get to the top of the tower block at level 200 and stop the evil drug dealer ‘Ma-Ma’ who is played by Lena Headey.

Dredd comes from a British comic book character Judge Dredd. This character never takes off his helmet and always pulls the same facial expression, one of disgust and hatred. The film is a sci-fi action film. It got some good reviews from film critics about the visual effects, casting and action. Critics were mainly critical on the amount of excessive violence that happens in the film.

The British company, DNA films produced the film. It is a British film and British comic. In may 2010 reliance big pictures agreed with the producers to co-finance the 3-D project and so giving a £45 million budget for the film to be made. The film was made in South Africa and was directed by Pete Travis.

One reason why Dredd might have flopped at the box office was because of the other films that were coming out at the same time. 2012 was a bad time for any super hero films to come out because of the release of the massive hit The Avengers Assemble. This would have been bad because the Avengers film had a massive budget for it, also all of the characters are well known like the Hulk, Iron Man, Thor and Captain America. This film had a $220 million budget this is compared to the £45 million budget that Dredd had. This difference in money can make or break to make a quality film. Dredd only took £41 billion at the box office where as the Avengers film took $1.5 billion.

Comparing the actors of the two films could give another indication of why Dredd might have flopped at the box office. The film Dredd lacked any massive superstars. Karl Urban is a fantastic actor but is not really known massively worldwide. Compare him to the likes of Robert Downey Jr., Chris Evans, Scarlett Johansson and Samuel L. Jackson and you are already attracting four really we known actors fan bases. Also the comics are already really well known, probably better known than any of the Judge Dredd films.

Films that are not comic books but that have been released the same year could also affect the amount of money that Dredd takes at the box office, these films include; The Hobbit and unexpected journey, Twilight sage breaking dawn part 2, the hunger games, The dark night rises and 21 Jump street. All these films are big blockbuster films that have huge budget. Also most of these films are in a series so people already know them from other films. Most of these huge films have got big stars in them and already have a large fan base that they are appealing to.

Another reason that Dredd may have flopped at the box office is because the film had an 18 certificate. This is a reason because a large amount of people that wants to go and see comic book films and that have read comic books are often younger than 18 so they wouldn’t have been able to watch it at the cinema. This could not have made any affect because when it was a comic people that would have read It would have been around 12/13 but now they will be about 30/40 so they would have been able to go and watch it at the cinema. This is compared to the marvel films which are normally all around 12A. This would mean more children and teenagers actually going to the avengers at the cinema which would in turn mean more money in the box office.

Dredd is supposed to be a British comic book character but the film doesn’t really make it seem like he is a British character. The film is too ‘Americanised’ with lots of influence in the film from American action films. A good thing about the film is that Dredd never actually takes his helmet off, he never does in the comic books but in the Stallone version of the film he does so it kind of ruins the whole thing. Because he doesn’t show his face this is good because it should be like in the comic books in the actual film.    

Marketing for a film costs a lot of money to actually get the film quite well known by the time the film actually comes out at the screens. One reason why Dredd might have flopped at the box office is because it didn’t have that much money left after making the money to actually spend on the marketing.

Karl urban announced to the world that he was going to be Dredd at Comic Con back in 2010. This was 2 years before the film so it shows that these kinds of films take a long time to make. This would be good to attract people to the film because there are a lot of people that read comic books at Comic con so these people might see Urban say that and start reading the comics, if they liked the comics then they would then be more likely to go and see the film.

During production there was certain special affects that were used in the film, in particular the ‘slo-mo’ this reaction happened when any of the characters took the slo mo drug which slowed down time. 3-D cameras were used during the filming of Dredd. These films made it awkward because then the cinemas had to be able to show it in 3-D if they actually want to show the film. Smaller cinemas would not have been able to show this film because they do not have the right screens and technology. You could not see the film in 2-D even if you wanted to. The slo-mo affects had actually come from a different film, never let me go. They took the idea and used it as the perfect affect for when anyone took the drug.

The film topped the UK box office on its opening weekend, it was the first 18 film to actually do this since SAW 3D in 2010. This isn’t really an indication of why it flopped but it may be a point that the certificate may have an effect on the outcome of the movies profits it was obviously popular on its first weekend because the SAW films are very well known. Because the film was being only shown in 3-D the cinemas thought this was a reason for the numbers going down and down every day, lots of cinemas asked for copies of the film in 2-D but the film’s distributor, Lionsgate, denied them the copies.

In conclusion i think that Dredd flopped because it was not popular enough with people of older ages, also the younger people couldn’t go and see the film at the cinema so it was affected on two age fronts. It is not as much of a family film as the Avengers with more violence and less of a story line. Because it wasn’t very popular with lots of people the film makes know that they now have a specific audience in which to make the sequel for. They have said there is going to be a sequel so this is a positive. They believe that they can create a new film which might gain a profit but most of all people actually want another film.  

Representation of Gender- wire in the blood

Representation of Gender. This clip is from a tv show called wire in the blood. It shows two police detectives that are trying to solve a murder or homicide of a teenage girl. The clip shows a few camera shots like the panning shot when the two of them are walking out of the house; this is showing that they are in a conversation. They are arguing about the way that the women detective treated the people inside the house that are the victims parents.

The male is saying that the female detective is not doing her job properly, this could be a representation of gender because women are often criticised and seen to be inferior to working than men. This is kind of shown because the women wants the mans help but he believes that she Is doing her job wrong so he doesn’t attempt to help her. She begs him to help her, this is quite stereotypical because women are often seen to be inferior to women and so this is showing that the women needs the mans help in order to do the job. In the end he decides to help her and asks her for the files about the murder. It then flicks to a scene where the male is analysing the files that she has given to him. It shows him thinking about them and he seemed to be able to figure out something about the murder.

This could be a representation of gender because the male is shown to be better at figuring out what happened than the women did.

The next scene was the gang in the house, these are men who seem to be homeless but all live in one run down house. These men are drinking and smoking and stereotyping some men to be lazy and worthless to anyone. One of the men is a obvious leader of a group and has obvious power and he is very violent to one of the men that tries to talk to him, this is by putting his head through a wall. This is showing that men are used to being controlled by a boss or leader and stereotyping that some men are stronger than others. There is also a good editing bit in this scene because the strong and fearless leader asks one of the men where the normal boss man is, and he says he has been missing. There is a obvious flashback to a man being tied up in rope and he has been gagged suggesting that the people know where he is but do not want to say where he is. This scene is showing large amount of gang violence and that there is mostly males in gangs.

In the last scene there is the male detective who has to look after the female detectives son. The Female detective is a single mother who stereotypes to be unable to look after their children when they are at their jobs or out. This is evident because the female detective had an argument with her old nanny and she left now she has no one to look after her son so she had to get a work mate to do it for her. The child blames himself for the nanny leaving because he called her ‘mummy’ this is quite unnatural for a child of his age to take responsibility for his own actions so it could be saying that he is a clever child. The child also worries about his mother although not wanting to sound to worried because he doesn’t want to sound weak because men don’t normally want to sound weak in front of other males. He worries that she doesn’t come home early but when she does she is always angry and depressed.

Beyonce 1+1

This song is about Beyonce wanting a male person to take control of her, this is shown in the video when a man comes and grasps her. This is showing the audience that she wants to be dominated. This is also shown in the video because she wears a lot of clothes that are very revealing which shows that she wants to have sex with a male. Lots of the lyrics are saying that she wants a man to have sex with her.

 

There is an extreme close up on her face which shows her tears, this may mean that she is upset by not getting what she wants from the man but she can’t do anything about it because the man is the controller of the relationship.

The facial expressions are very similar; they are the male gaze facial expressions. Examples of these are the invitational facial expression this is used more if you are going to be a mischievous person or going to do something mysterious. Another one of the facial expressions that she uses is the romantic or sexual facial expression, which is showing that she may be available for sexual action these facial expressions are from the Marjorie Ferguson idea of facial expressions.

When the two of them are hugging there is a mixture of shots, one of them is an over the shoulder shot which shows her singing but also being caressed by the male. There are also a few close up shots of just Beyoncé’s face and shoulders. This is showing her emotion in the section of the video which is kind of happy but also rather sad at some points, she is being very sexually available.

Common Stereotypes

REPRESENTATIONS – COMMON STEREOTYPES

Film Production

What does a writer do?
Screen Writers research and develop the scripts that they are given by people in the industry to adapt them and turn them into hit movies that will make a lot of money.

What does a film producer do?
Film producers prepare and then supervise the making of a film. Also they have to present the final film to the person who is paying for the film to see if it fits what they want to be done with that particular film.

What does a casting director do?
Casting directors are used to select the actors for TV shows and films, they have to arrange certain actors and have interviews with them as well as seeing them act in the flesh.

What does a Director do? 

Normally controls the films look and dramatic aspects, also keeps the camera crew in order about where to film. A famous example of film director is Steven Spielberg.

Film finance is the money that goes into making the film; this could be paid for by a incredibly rich company that want to make a profit from that certain movie.

 Camera operators Prepare and operate the camera and all its equipment, Working with the Director and Director of Photography to achieve the visual style of the film. They also manage other camera department staff and communicate with Actors.

Editors are the people that actually have to edit the film to make it look perfect and really worth the money. They could also put in the CGI and other things like that.

Production designers define and manage the aspects of films, they also work with the producers and editors to make sure the film stays on budget and not actually going over the amount of money they are allowed to spend.

The marketers are the people who sort out all of the producing the promotion of the films, they sort out all the posters and trailers for the film. They have to make the film look good so they can get enough money at the box office to make a profit.

Exhibition is about the distribution of the film, so it can get around to the specific places. 

Skins Representation of Age

Audience and Institutions-the 7 Key Concept Areas Listed And Explained

Section B: Institutions and Audiences

Candidates should be prepared to understand and discuss the processes of production, distribution, marketing and exchange as they relate to contemporary media institutions, as well as the nature of audience consumption and the relationships between audiences and institutions. In addition, candidates should be familiar with:

• the issues raised by media ownership in contemporary media practice;
• the importance of cross media convergence and synergy in production, distribution and marketing;
• the technologies that have been introduced in recent years at the levels of production, distribution, marketing and exchange;
• the significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences;
• the importance of technological convergence for institutions and audiences;
• the issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions;
• the ways in which the candidates’ own experiences of media consumption illustrate wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour.

• the issues raised by media ownership in contemporary (current) media practice

The depth and range of ownership across a range of media and the consequences of this ownership for audiences in terms of the genres and budgets for films. How for instance, can Channel4's Film4 survive in the British market place against the high concept, big-budget films made by Newcorp's FOX, Warner Bros, Disney, Universal, etc.? What kinds of niche audiences are left for Film4 to attract? Are mass audiences out of reach given the genres of films Film4 have the budgets to make? How successful have they been in reaching mass audiences with their films? How healthy is it that just a few mega media groups can own such a range of media and can decide what the public may see, and, perhaps, shape audience's tastes?

• the importance of cross media convergence and synergy in production, distribution and marketing

 Digital technology is enabling various media to converge in hubs, platforms and devices. For instance, mobiles phones do a lot more than act as hand held telephones: you can download and watch films and TV programmes, use them as alarm clocks, watches, play music on them, take photos and short films, text, go online, use GPS functions, a range of apps, and a whole lot more. New HD TVs, Playstations, X-Boxes, iPads, Notebooks, MacBooks, etc. are also examples of hubs which in which a variety of media technologies can converge for convenience for users. Media convergence is having an enormous impact on the film industry because of the ways in which institutions can produce and market for audiences/users on a widening range of platforms, capable of receiving their films.

Synergies can come out of an organisation's size; smaller media organisations such as Channel4 can-cross promote their films, etc. but the scale of cross-media promotion is nowhere near as great as that which can be gained by massive media organisations. Film4 is therefore unable to promote their lower budget films on a level playing field.

• the technologies that have been introduced in recent years at the levels of production, distribution, marketing and exchange

The audience's ability to interact with films by, for instance, using digital technology to put extracts on You Tube and overlay new sound tracks on them, etc. and make answering videos has been greatly enhanced by Web 2.0; Film studios can make films using CGI, greenscreen and other special effects that were impossible to make only a few years ago. The ways of filming and editing films have changed, too, with the introduction of digital film and film cameras, editing software, laptops, digital projectors, etc. Distributors market films using the latest software for designing high-concept film posters and trailers. They can use phone apps., online marketing, Twitter, etc. File-sharing and piracy are growing issues because the software exists to take the protective encryption of DVDs, etc and WEB 2.0 enables people to make and share copies of films easily. One way in which film companies are trying to get around this is by releasing films soon after theatrical release by selling them on video-on-demand, premium TV channels and downloads. US and UK cinemas chains are not happy about this, especially after all the investment some have made on digital equipment, projectors, etc. which unfortunately quickly goes very quickly out of date!

• the significance of proliferation in hardware and content for institutions and audiences

This means the increase of something: i.e. digital cameras, software, CGI, 3D films, film genres, etc. which are part of current trends; how significant is this for See Saw Films or Film4? Or are they still able to be successful without it by making films with genres that do not need the latest breakthroughs in digital technology? Research the film company's use of cameras, special effects, software, posters, digital distribution of films, etc.

• the importance of technological convergence for institutions and audiences

This is a WEB 2.0 issue and how technology is coming together in hubs like laptops is one of the features of our age; the mobile phone in your pocket is a great example of technological convergence: it can do so much more than a simple phone call; think how this is affecting film making at the production, marketing and exhibition stages? The Internet is acting as a hub for many aspects of film: you will find film posters, YouTube videos on films, interviews, trailers, official film and blog websites, etc. on it.  Audiences can also remake their own films by creating extracts and running new scores over them and then posting them on YouTube. This often leads to answering videos, never mind the comments, etc. that people make  on such sites. The internet, film and videos games seems to be converging in so many ways. People can watch films in a range of ways, using an astonishing range of hardware and software. They can also find audiences of their own. This amounts to free publicity for film institutions for their films and "A Long Tail" sales into the future through endless exchange.

• the issues raised in the targeting of national and local audiences (specifically, British) by international or global institutions

"Slumdog Millionaire" was originally aimed at Asian audiences living in various parts of the UK and also at Danny Boyle fans. The film's unexpected success at film festivals and being nominated for the Oscars led to another theatrical release and a crossover from the "indy" art-house into the mainstream. British film makers often make social realism films and aim them at local and regional audiences whereas this would never be enough for the major media players who tend to make high budget, high concept films. They have boutique offshoots who make and often distribute lower budget films, aimed at more high brow audiences. Disney's Mirimax and Fox's Fox Searchlight are examples of such boutique, art-house film distribution.

• the ways in which the candidates’ own experiences of media consumption illustrate wider patterns and trends of audience behaviour
How you consume films whether it is as a social activity after visiting a shopping centre or on an MP4 player or Playstation, is what is at issue here. Visit Pearl and Dean to see how multiplex cinemas are adapting the experience of cinema-going to gain audiences. In an age of falling DVD sales, home cinema and an increase in downloading for both music and film audiences are changing in how they want to consume film. Identify trends and consider where the audience trends are going in the near future.

This unit should be approached through contemporary (up-to-date) examples in the form of case studies based upon one of the specified media areas. 

This Clip is from Sons of Anarchy season 2 episodes 1. The first part is not relevant to my answer. It shows Gemma, who is the president of the clubs wife, getting raped. This is a very disturbing image but i did it because it hit me as a real life thing. As the people that did it to her was a gang then i thought it was relevant to do this about gangs. People in gangs are stereotyped to be people who commit wild crimes; this is what this clip is trying to tell viewers. It is rather distressing and traumatic. The clip shows viewers that gangs are vilolent and would do anything to get one over on the opposing gang, this is what SOA (sons of Anarchy) is about. Rape is an awful thing and this is showing the audience that the gangs do not care about anyone but themselves and about their gang status. To do with gender because males are shown to be violent and not very kind and sensitive for peoples feelings they just want to do what they care about. they are stereotyped to be cruel to women and think that they are better than women so they can treat women how they like. this is shown because they do not care about Gemma's feelings or care about what might happen to them after this.

7 areas of Representation

7 areas of representation

• Age
• Gender
• Ethnicity
• Sexuality
• Class and status
• Physical ability/disability
• Regional identity

Moving Image Glossary

Moving Image glossary

Representation task

Representation task

I enjoy listening to different types of rock music such as Foo Fighters and Red Hot Chili Peppers. My favourite Red Hot Chili peppers album is Californication I like watching the normal kind of films that are released at the cinema. My favourite film is superbad, this is because I find it really funny and the actors are also really good comedy actors. 

I like to wear clothes from shops such as topman and other shops like that which are very nice and stylish.  I like to wear brands such as Adidas and Nike. I am quite a sporty person so I have lots of sporting clothes that I like to wear. I am very much influenced by the type of clothes that the popular kids wear on American tv shows and American films. This is because I want to look good around other people.

I am very much a sport fanatic. I love sports commentary, I listen to a lot of the cricket commentary over the summer and in the winter I comment about how bad the commentary is on the football matches on tv. Sport is my real passion and in particular, cricket. 5 live TMS commentary is my favourite. They have a mix of fascinating ex players along with other journalists on the commentary team. Ex players such as Graeme Swann and Johnathan Agnew are amongst my favourites.

My second biggest passion is music. I like all types of music, but I adore rock music. Bands like the Red Hot Chili Peppers have been my favourites since I was about 10/11. I think this is because of the nature of the songs and the lyrics just sound right to me. I also like the Arctic monkeys and Foo Fighters.

I believe that I am part of the sports junkies this is because i love sports. I also like to wear sports clothes on occasions, sport is my passion and everything i want to do is sport. i might sound boring but thats just who i am. sport is my life and always will be